Instrumentation is the branch of engineering that deals with measurement and control.An instrument is a device that measures or manipulates variables such as flow, temperature, level, or pressure. Instruments include many varied contrivances which can be as simple as valves and transmitters, and as complex as analyzers. Instruments often comprise control systems ofvaried processes. The control of processes is one of the main branches of applieinstrumentation.Control instrumentation includes devices such as solenoids, valves, circuit breakers, and relays. Tdevices are able to change a field parameter, and provide remote or automated control Transmitters are devices which produce an analog signal, usually in the form of a 4–20 mA electrical current signal, although many other options using voltage, frequency, or pressure are possible. This signal can be used to control other instruments directly, or it can be sent to a PLC, DCS, SCADA system, or other type of computerized controller, where it can be interpreted into readable values and used to control other devices and processes in the system.Instrumentation plays a significant role in both gathering information from the field and changing the field parameters, and as such are a key part of control loops.
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